MVCモデルのアプリケーション・フレームワークとしては、PHPのCakePHP Ver 2.xが取っ付き易いですが、Nginxでも問題なく使えます。その設定ファイルを以下に示します。
/etc/nginx/sites-available/defaultに次のくだりを追加します。
# for CakePHP2 server { listen 80; # listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on; # root /usr/share/nginx/html; root /var/www/cakephp/app/webroot; index index.php index.html index.htm; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ server_name www.cakephp.biz; location / { if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite ^(.+)$ /index.php?url=$1 last; break; } } #error_page 404 /404.html; # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; # # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini # # With php5-cgi alone: # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # # With php5-fpm: fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } }
/var/wwwに、CakePHP2のソースコードをダウンロードしてunzipで展開、展開ディレクトリをcakephpとし、ドキュメントルートをwebrootに設定すれば良いようです。sudo chown user.www-data -R /var/www, chgpermission.pyを実行します。tmpディレクトリが、インターネット上のユーザーから読み書き可能になっていることを確認します。データベースをMySQLに設定して、/etc/hostsに追加した後、http://www.cakephp.biz/とすると、下図のようになります。
なにせ、PHPはWebに特化した言語なので、デプロイということもありません。取っ付き易さで多くのプログラマーの評価を得ていると思います。サイト管理者もPHP3の頃、喫茶店でPHP攻略本を読んだ時、Perlよりも便利だと思って感激した経験があります。そして、あまり出来は良くありませんでしたが、電子新聞の試読システムを作らせてもらった経験があります。その後、Javaライクな言語仕様に発展し、格段の進歩を遂げました。
ただし、各種のユーティリティやデスクトップアプリケーションからIaaSまで幅広い守備範囲を持つPythonに比べて、サイト管理者としては物足りなさを感じております。また、何故かRubyは苦手。1990年代に「オブジェクト指向言語Ruby」を買ったものの、さっぱり分からなかったトラウマがあります。そして、世界的にはPythonが標準です。日本はガラパゴス島なので、世界の標準は日本の標準にはならないところがあります。ただし、いつまでもそうはいかないでしょう。
※参考 MySQLの設定ファイル/etc/mysql/my.cnfは次のようにしております。
# # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp character-set-server = utf8 # character-set-server = utf8 collation-server = utf8_general_ci lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 # # Error log - should be very few entries. # log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition default-character-set = utf8 [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
UTF-8をデフォルトの文字コードにしております。